The Nigerian government is considering a major transformation of its education system, proposing a shift from the current 9-3-4 structure to a 12-year basic education model. This move aims to ensure continuous, uninterrupted learning while addressing skill gaps and aligning with global educational standards.
Minister of Education, Dr. Tunji Alausa, revealed the proposal during the 2025 National Council on Education (NCE) meeting in Abuja. He explained that the existing 9-3-4 model, which consists of nine years of basic education, three years of senior secondary education, and four years of tertiary education, has limitations that hinder students’ learning progression. The proposed 12-4 model will provide students with a more standardized and comprehensive curriculum, better preparing them for tertiary education and the job market. According to him, transitioning to a 12-year basic education model will align Nigeria with global best practices, improve educational outcomes, foster better quality assurance, and contribute to economic development.
During the meeting, the government also addressed other major education policy reforms, including the conversion of Federal Science and Technical Colleges into Federal Technical Colleges. This move is expected to strengthen technical and vocational education, ensuring that students acquire relevant skills for the labor market. The national policy on bullying is also under review, as the government seeks to create safer learning environments. Another significant issue discussed was the revision of the minimum age policy for tertiary education. The current system prevents students from entering universities until they turn 18, which has been a disadvantage for exceptionally gifted students. The government is now considering a policy that would allow these students to progress into higher education earlier, ensuring they do not face unnecessary delays in their academic and career development.
Minister of State for Education, Prof. Suwaiba Said Ahmad, emphasized the government’s commitment to technical and vocational education training (TVET). She highlighted the importance of equipping students with practical skills in fields such as renewable energy, compressed natural gas (CNG), mechanized farming, and entrepreneurship. She explained that these skills would enhance employment opportunities, foster self-sufficiency, and contribute meaningfully to Nigeria’s economic growth.
If implemented, the Nigeria 12-year basic education model will mark a significant shift in the nation’s education sector. The reforms are expected to ensure continuous, uninterrupted learning, improve technical education and skill acquisition, and enhance students’ readiness for higher education. The government believes these changes will help create an education system that not only meets global standards but also empowers young citizens with the skills needed for a competitive and evolving economy.
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